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Marcus Antonius I ("Roman Emperor") Gordianus Roman Emperor was born about 159 in Rome, Italy. He died on 12 April 238, at age ~79.

Gordian I
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus (around 159 - April 12, 238), known in English as Gordian I, was Roman Emperor during the year of 238.

Little is known about Gordian's early life or familiar background, though from this name Gordianus it has been surmised that the family's origins were in Phrygia in Anatolia. He was from a modest, although extremely rich, equestrian family but climbed the hierarchy until he entered the Roman senate. Gordian had at least two children: Marcus Antonius Gordianus (Gordian II) and Antonia Gordiana, themother of Gordian III.

Gordian's political career started relatively late in his life and probably his early years were spent in rhetoric and literary studies. As a military man, Gordian commanded the Legio IV Scythica whenthe legion was stationed in the Syria province. He served as governor of Roman Britain in 216 and was a suffect consul in the reign of Heliogabalus. Inscriptions in Roman Britain bearing his name were partially erased suggesting some form of imperial displeasure during this role.

While he gained unbounded popularity by the magnificent games and shows he produced as aedile, his prudent and retired life did not excite the suspicion of Caracalla, in whose honour he wrote a long epic poem called Antoninias. Gordian certainly retained his wealth and political clout during the chaotic times of the Severan dynasty, which suggest his personal dislike for intrigue.

During the reign of Alexander Severus, Gordian (who was already about 80 years old) threw the lots to the dangerous honours of government in Africa. In the middle of his proconsulship, Maximinus Thraxkilled emperor Alexander Severus in Germania Inferior and assumed the throne. Maximinus was not a popular emperor and universal discontent roused by his oppressive rule culminated in a revolt in Africa in 238. Gordian yielded to the popular clamour and assumed both the purple and the cognomen Africanus on March 22. In respect to his advanced age, he insisted that his son, Marcus Antonius Gordianus (Gordian II), be associated with him. A few days later, Gordian entered the city of Carthage with the overwhelming support of the population and local political leaders. Meanwhile in Rome, Maximinus' praetorian prefect was assassinated and the rebellion seemed to be successful. The senate confirmed the new emperor and most of the provinces gladly sided with Gordian.

Opposition would come from the neighbouring province of Numidia. Cappellianus, governor of Numidia and a loyal supporter of Maximinus Thrax, renewed his alliance to the former emperor and invaded theAfrica province with several veteran legions. Gordian lost the battle and his son, Gordian II was killed in the confrontation. In response to the death of his son, Gordian took his own life. They hadreigned only thirty-six days.

Gordian had deserved his high reputation by his amiable character. Both himself and his son are men reported to be fond of literature and achieved great accomplishments, publishing voluminous works. But they were rather intellectual voluptuaries than able statesmen or powerful rulers. Having embraced the cause of Gordian, the senate was obliged to continue the revolt against Maximinus, and appointed Pupienus and Balbinus, as joint emperors. Nevertheless, by the end of 238, the recognised emperor would be Gordian III, his grandson.

Source: Wikipedia.

Claudius IV Drusus was born about 120 in Illyria. He died in 170, at age ~50.

Claudius II (Marcus Aurelius Flavius Claudius Gothicus), Emperor of Rome

Emperor of Rome (268-270) who defeated the Goths in 269.
biographical and/or anecdotal:
A virtuous and worthy Emperor (268-270), who was a soldier, statesman, and a distinguished officer. He was born in Illyria in 214, and was trained in the hard school of warfare on the Danube frontier.He died at the age of fifty-five of a pestilence (The Plague) that was decimating Goths and Romans alike in 270. He rescued Thessalonica, drove the Goths up the Vardar valley, and defeated them withgreat slaughter at Naissus, the modern Nish in 269 A.D. If he had lost that battle no army would have intervened between the Goths and Italy. He had a daughter, *Claudia. Claudius IV Drusus was born about 120.

Claudius Drusus was born about 015 in Rome, Italy. He died.

Claudius Drusus had just been betrothed to Junilla, the daughter of Sejanus, when he choked to death on a pear he had thrown into the air and caught in his mouth.

Claudius II Drusus was born about 050 in Rome, Italy. He died.

Claudius III Drusus was born about 090 in Rome, Italy. He died.

Claudia was born about 125 in Illyria. She died.

Claudia was born about 125.

Gordiani of Dardania was born about 115 in Dardania, Macedonia. He died.

Consul of Rome Marcus Plautius Silvanus was born about 035 BCE. He died.

Urgulania was born about 030 BCE. She died.

("of Rome") Alfridia of Rome was born about 086 BCE in Rome. She died.

Drusus Claudius Nero was born about 115 BCE. He died.

Julia Antonia Minor was born on 31 January 036 BCE. She died in October 037, at age 73.

Julia Antonia Minor ("the younger") (30 January/31 January 36 BC - May-October 37 AD) was the daughter of Mark Antony and Octavia.

She married Drusus -- the son of the empress Livia and brother of the emperor Tiberius -- and their children were Germanicus, Livilla, and the emperor Claudius. She was the grandmother of Caligula andAgrippina the Younger, and the great-grandmother of Nero.

She never remarried after the death of her husband in 9 BC. When her son Germanicus died in 19 AD, she was forbidden to go to the funeral by orders of Tiberius and Livia. After the death of Livia in 29 AD, she took care of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder's youngest children---Caligula and Drusilla.

In 31 AD she exposed a plot between her daughter Livilla and Sejanus, Tiberius's Praetorian Prefect. This led to Sejanus's downfall and to the death of Livilla. Claudius, her biggest disappointment (she once called him a "monster") was the only one of her children to survive her.

She committed suicide in 37 AD on Caligula's orders after expressing unhappiness over the murder of her youngest grandson, Tiberius Gemellus. There is a passage in Suetonius's "Life of Gaius" that mentions how Caligula may have given her poison himself.

Source: Wikipedia.

Marcus ("Triumvir of Rome") Antonius Triumvir of Rome was born in 083 BCE in Rome, Italy. He died on 12 August 030 BCE, at age ~53.

Antony, Mark (83?-30 BC), Roman statesman and general, who defeated the assassins of Julius Caesar and helped form the Second Triumvirate, which ended the Roman Republic. Antony was born in Rome and served as a cavalry leader in Palestine, Egypt, and Gaul. At the outbreak of the civil war between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great, Antony served as Caesar's commander in chief in Italy. After the assassination of Caesar in 44 BC, Antony, Gaius Octavius (later the Roman emperor Augustus), and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, formed the Second Triumvirate and divided the Roman Empire among themselves. Although Antony married Octavius's sister Octavia, he continued to carry on a love affair with Cleopatra, queen of Egypt. Octavius used this to excite indignation in Rome against Antony. When the Parthians defeated a military expedition led by Antony in 36 BC, civil war broke out. In 31 BC the naval forces of Octavius defeated the combined forces of Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium. Thefollowing year, besieged by the troops of Octavius in Alexandria, Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide.

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Marcus Antonius (Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N¹) (c. 83 BC ? August 30 BC), known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general. He was an important supporter of Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator. After Caesar's assassination, Antony allied with Octavian and Lepidus to form the second triumvirate. The triumvirate ended in 33 BC, and Antony committed suicide with Cleopatra in 30 BC.

Early life
Antony was born in Rome around 83 BC. His father was his namesake, Marcus Antonius Creticus, the son of the great rhetorician Marcus Antonius Orator executed by Gaius Marius' supporters in 86 BC. Through his mother Julia Caesaris, he was a distant cousin and relative of Julius Caesar. His father died at a young age, leaving him and his brothers, Lucius and Gaius, to the care of his mother. Julia Antonia (known in sources by her married name, to distinguish from the other Julias) then married Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura, a politician involved in and executed during the Catiline conspiracy of 63 BC.

Antony's early life was characterized by a lack of parental guidance. According to historians like Plutarch, he spent his teenage years roaming through Rome with his brothers and friends (Publius Clodius Pulcher among them). Together, they embarked on a rather wild sort of life, frequenting gambling houses, drinking too much, and involving themselves in scandalous love affairs. Plutarch mentions the rumour that before Antony reached 20 years of age, he was already indebted the sum of 250 talents (equivalent to several million dollars).

After this period of recklessness, Antony went to Greece to study rhetoric. During this visit, he joined the cavalry in the Roman legions of the proconsul Aulus Gabinius en route to Syria. In the ensuing campaign, he demonstrated his talents as a cavalry commander and distinguished himself with bravery and courage. It was during this campaign that he first visited Egypt and Alexandria.

[edit]
Supporter of Caesar
In 54 BC, Antony became a member of the staff of Julius Caesar's armies in Gaul. He again proved to be a competent military leader in the Gallic wars, but his personality caused instability wherever he went. Caesar himself was said to be frequently irritated by his behaviour.

Nevertheless, Antony became a wholehearted Julius Caesar supporter, and he dedicated his year as tribune of the plebians in 50 BC to his cause. Caesar's two proconsular commands, during a period of 10years, were expiring, and the general wanted to return to Rome for the consular elections. But resistance from the conservative faction of the Roman senate, led by Pompey, demanded that Caesar resignhis proconsulship and the command of his armies before he be allowed to seek re-election to the consulship. This he could not do, as such an act would leave him a private citizen--and therefore opento prosecution for his acts while proconsul--in the interim between his proconsulship and his second consulship; it would also leave him at the mercy of Pompey's armies. Antony proposed that both generals lay down their commands. The idea was rejected, and Antony resorted to violence, ending up expelled from the senate. He left Rome, joining Caesar, who had led his armies to the banks of the Rubicon, the river that marked the southern limit of his proconsular authority. With all hopes of a peaceful solution for the conflict with Pompey gone, Caesar led his armies across the river into Italy and marched on Rome, starting the last Republican civil war. During the civil war, Antony was Caesar's second in command. In all battles against the Pompeians, Antony led the left wing of the army, a proof of Caesar's confidence in him.

When Caesar became dictator, Antony was made master of the horse, the dictator's right hand man, and in this capacity remained in Italy as the peninsula's administrator in 47 BC, while Caesar was fighting the last Pompeians, who had taken refuge in the African provinces. But Antony's skills as administrator were a poor match to those as general. Conflict soon arose, and, as on other occasions, Antony resorted to violence. Hundreds of citizens were killed and Rome herself descended into a state of anarchy. Caesar was most displeased with the whole affair and removed Antony from all political responsibilities. The two men did not see each other for two years. Reconciliation arrived in 44 BC, when Antony was chosen as partner for Caesar's fifth consulship.

Whatever conflicts existed between the two men, Antony remained faithful to Caesar at all times. In February of 44 BC, during the Lupercalia festival, Antony publicly offered Caesar a diadem. This wasan event fraught with meaning: a diadem was a symbol of a king, and in refusing it, Caesar demonstrated that he did not intend to assume the throne.

On March 15, 44 BC (the Ides of March), Julius Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators, led by Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus. In the turmoil that surrounded the event, Antonyescaped Rome dressed as a slave, fearing that the dictator's assassination would be the start of a bloodbath among his supporters. When this did not occur, he soon returned to Rome, discussing a trucewith the assassins' faction. For a while, Antony, as consul of the year, seemed to pursue peace and the end of the political tension. Following a speech by Marcus Tullius Cicero in the Senate, an amnesty was agreed for the assassins. Then came the day of Caesar's funeral. As Caesar's ever-present second in command, partner in consulship and cousin, Antony was the natural choice to make the funeral eulogy. In his speech, he sprang his accusations of murder and ensured a permanent breach with conspirators. Showing a talent for rhetoric and dramatic interpretation, Antony snatched the toga fromCaesar's body to show the crowd the scars from his wounds. That night, the Roman populace attacked the assassins' houses, forcing them to flee for their lives.

[edit]
The second triumvirate
The death of Caesar had left an open space in Rome's politics. The Republic was dying, and yet another civil war was starting. It was then that Octavian, Caesar's great nephew and adopted son, emergedon the political scene. As heir of Caesar's name and estate, he had great political potential due to the esteem of the population and the loyalty of the legions. He was also very willing to fight forpower with the other two main contestants: Antony himself and Lepidus. After a few months of difficult negotiations, the three men agreed to share the power as the second triumvirate. The Triumvirs for the Organization of the People gained official recognition by the Lex Titia, a law passed by the Assembly in 43 BC, which granted them virtually all powers for a period of five years. To solidify the alliance, Octavian married Clodia, Antony's step-daughter. The triumvirs then set to pursue the assassins' faction, who had fled to the East, and to murder the conspirators' supporters who remainedin Rome. Cicero was the most famous victim of these violent days; knowing that Antony had a grudge against him, the writer committed suicide before they could kill him. (Livy, however, writes that hemerely refused to resist the executioners.) Antony and his wife Fulvia did not spare the body: Cicero's head and hands were posted in the rostra, with his tongue pierced by Fulvia's golden hairpins.After the twin battles at Philippi and the suicides of Brutus and Cassius, no one else would defy the triumvirate's power.

With the political and military situations dealt with, the triumvirs divided the Roman world among themselves. Lepidus took control of the western provinces, and Octavian remained in Italy with the responsibility of securing lands for the veteran soldiers?an important task, since the loyalty of the legions depended heavily on this promise. As for Antony, he went to the Eastern provinces, to pacifyyet another rebellion in Judaea and attempt to conquer the Parthian Empire. During this trip, he met Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt in Tarsus, in 41 BC, and became her lover.

Meanwhile, in Italy, the situation was not pacified. Octavian's administration was not appeasing, and a revolt was about to occur. Moreover, he divorced Clodia, giving a curious explanation: she was annoying. The leader of this revolt was Fulvia, the wife of Antony, a woman known to history for her political ambition and tempestuous character. She feared for her husband's political position and was not keen to see her daughter put aside. Assisted by Lucius Antonius, her brother-in-law, Fulvia raised eight legions with her own money. Her army invaded Rome, and for a while managed to create problems for Octavian. However, in the winter of 41?40 BC, Fulvia was besieged in Perusia and forced to surrender by starvation. Fulvia was exiled to Sicyon, where she died while waiting for Antony's arrival.

Fulvia's death was providential. A truce with Octavian was negotiated and reinforced by Antony's marriage to Octavia, Octavian's beloved half-sister. This peace, known as the Treaty of Brundisium, reinforced the triumvirate and allowed Antony to finally prepare his long awaited campaign against the Parthians.

[edit]
Antony and Cleopatra
With this military purpose on his mind, Antony sailed to Greece with his new wife. But the rebellion in Sicily of Sextus Pompeius, the last of the Pompeians, kept the army promised to Antony in Italy.With his plans again severed, Antony and Octavian quarreled again. This time with the help of Octavia, a new treaty was signed in Tarentum in 38 BC. The triumvirate was renewed for a period of another five years (ending in 33 BC) and Octavian promised again to send legions to the East.

But by now, Antony was skeptical of Octavian's true support of his Parthian cause. Leaving Octavia pregnant of her second Antonia in Rome, he sailed to Alexandria, where he expected funding from Cleopatra, the mother of his twins. The queen of Egypt loaned him the money he needed for the army, but the campaign proved a disaster. After a series of defeats in battle, Antony lost most of his Egyptianarmy during a retreat through Armenia in the peak of winter.

Meanwhile in Rome, the triumvirate was no more. Lepidus was forced to resign after an ill-judged political move. Now in sole power, Octavian was occupied in wooing the traditional Republican aristocracy to his side. He married Livia and started to attack Antony in order to raise himself to power. He argued that Antony was a man of low morals to have left his faithful wife abandoned in Rome with the children to be with the promiscuous queen of Egypt. Antony was accused of everything, but most of all, of "becoming native", an unforgivable crime to the proud Romans. Several times Antony was summoned to Rome, but remained in Alexandria with Cleopatra and her funds.

Again with Egyptian money, Antony invaded Armenia, this time successfully. In the return, a mock Roman triumph was celebrated in the streets of Alexandria. The parade through the city was a pastiche of Rome's most important military celebration. For the finale, the whole city was summoned to hear a very important political statement. Surrounded by Cleopatra and her children, Antony was about to put an end to his alliance with Octavian. He distributed kingdoms between his children: Alexander Helios was named king of Armenia and Parthia (not conquered yet), his twin Cleopatra Selene got Cyrenaica and Libya, and the young Ptolemy Philadelphus was awarded with Syria and Cilicia. As for Cleopatra, she was proclaimed Queen of Kings and Queen of Egypt, to rule with Caesarion (Ptolemy Caesar, sonof Julius Caesar), King of Kings and King of Egypt. Most important of all, Caesarion was declared legitimate son and heir of Julius Caesar. These proclamations were known as the Donations of Alexandria and caused a fatal breach in Antony's relations with Rome.

Distributing insignificant lands among the children of Cleopatra was not a peace move, but it was not a serious problem either. What did seriously threaten Octavian's political position, however, wasthe acknowledgment of Caesarion as legitimate and heir to Julius Caesar's name. Octavian's base of power was his link with Caesar through adoption, which granted him much-needed popularity and loyaltyof the legions. To see this convenient situation attacked by a child sired by the richest woman in the world was something Octavian could not accept. The triumvirate expired in the last day of 33 BCand was not renewed. Another civil war was beginning.

During 33 and 32 BC, a propaganda war was fought in the political arena of Rome, with accusations flying between sides. Antony (in Egypt) divorced Octavia and accused Octavian of being a social upstart, of usurping power, and of forging the adoption papers by Julius Caesar. Octavian responded with treason charges: of illegally keeping provinces that should be given to other men by lots, as was Rome's tradition, and of starting wars against foreign nations (Armenia and Parthia) without the consent of the senate. Antony was also held responsible for Sextus Pompeius execution with no trial. In 32BC, both consuls (Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Gaius Sosius) and a third of the senate abandoned Rome to meet Antony and Cleopatra in Greece.

In 31 BC, the war started. Octavian's loyal and talented general Agrippa captured the Greek city and naval port of Methone, loyal to Antony. The enormous popularity of Octavian with the legions secured the defection of the provinces of Cyrenaica and Greece to his side. On September 2, the naval battle of Actium took place. Antony and Cleopatra's navy was destroyed, and they were forced to escape to Egypt.

Octavian, now close to absolute power, did not intend to give them rest. In August 30 BC, assisted by Agrippa, he invaded Egypt. With no other refuge to escape to, Antony committed suicide. A few dayslater, Cleopatra herself followed his example.

[edit]
Aftermath
With the death of Antony, Octavian became uncontested ruler of Rome: no one else attempted to take power from him. In the following years, Octavian, known as Augustus Caesar after 27 BC, managed to accumulate in his person all administrative, political, and military offices. During his life, the Roman Republic was not officially ended. Many date the beginning of the Roman Empire to the battle of Actium; however, the Empire can also be considered to date from the death of Augustus in 14 AD, with the succession of Tiberius.

[edit]
Antony's marriages and descendants
Marriage to Fadia
Marriage to Antonia Hybrida (his direct cousin)
Marriage to Fulvia
Marcus Antonius Antyllus, executed by Octavian in 31 BC
Iullus Antonius, married Claudia Marcella Major, daughter of Octavia
Marriage to Octavia
Antonia Major, married Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
Antonia Minor, married Drusus, the son of Livia
Children with Cleopatra
The twins
Alexander Helios, the sun
Cleopatra Selene, the moon, married King Juba II of Numidia (and, later, Mauretania)
Ptolemy Philadelphus.
[edit]
Chronology
83 BC?born in Rome
54?50 BC?joins Caesar's staff in Gaul and fights in the Gallic wars
50 BC?tribune of the plebianss
48 BC?master of the horse
47 BC?ruinous administration of Italy: political exile
44 BC?consul with Caesar
43 BC?forms the second triumvirate with Octavian and Lepidus
42 BC?defeats Cassius and Brutus; travels through the East
41 BC?meets Cleopatra
40 BC?returns to Rome, marries Octavia; treaty of Brundisium
38 BC?treaty of Tarentum: triumvirate renewed until 33 BC
36 BC?disastrous campaign against the Parthians
35 BC?conquers Armenia
34 BC?the donations of Alexandria
33 BC?end of the triumvirate
32 BC?exchange of accusations between Octavian and Antony
31 BC?battle of Actium
30 BC?Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide

Source: Wikipedia.

Octavia Major was born in 064 BCE. She died in 011 BCE, at age ~53.

Marcus Antonius Crecitus was born about 115 BCE. He died about 071 BCE, at age ~44.

Julia was born about 110 BCE. She died.

Lucius Julius IV Caesar was born about 135 BCE. He died in 087 BCE, at age ~48.

Cossutia was born about 130 BCE. She died.

Marcus Antonius ("The Orator") Crecitus The Orator was born in 143 BCE. He died in 087 BCE, at age ~56.

Plautia Urgulanilla was born about 005 BCE. She died.

Plautia Urgulanilla (lived first century) was the first wife of the future emperor Claudius. They married around AD 15, but he divorced her nine years later on grounds of adultery and suspicion of murder.

She gave birth to a son, Claudius Drusus, and a daughter, Claudia, who was later repudiated by Claudius.

Her father was Marcus Plautius Silvanus, a general who was consul for the year 2 BC. Urgulanilla was named for his mother, Urgulania, a close friend of Livia.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plautia_Urgulanilla."

Claudia was born about 017. She died.

Livia Julia died.

Germanicus Julius Caesar Claudianus was born in 015 BCE. He died in 019, at age ~34.

Germanicus Julius Caesar Claudianus, possibly Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus before adoption (15 BC?AD 19) was a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty of the early Roman Empire. Germanicus' parents were Nero Claudius Drusus, son of Livia Drusilla, wife of Caesar Augustus, and Antonia Minor, daughter of Marc Antony. Claudius was his brother. Germanicus married Agrippina the Elder, a granddaughter of Augustus, who gave him nine children. Two died whilst very young, another Gaius Julius Caesar died in early childhood. The other six survived to grown age:

Julia Livilla
Drusilla
Agrippina the Younger, mother of the emperor Nero
Drusus Caesar and Nero Caesar, assassinated by Tiberius
Gaius Caesar (Caligula), who became emperor
Germanicus was very popular among the citizens of Rome, who celebrated enthusiastically all his victories. He was also a favourite with Augustus, his grandfather in law, who, for some time, consideredhim as heir to the Empire. In AD 4, he finally decided in favor of Tiberius, his stepson, but compelled him to adopt Germanicus as a son and name his heir.

Germanicus assumed several military commands leading the army in the campaigns in Pannonia and Dalmatia. He is recorded to be an excellent soldier and inspired leader, loved by the legions. In the year 12 he was appointed consul after five mandates as quaestor.

After the death of Augustus in 14, the Senate appointed Germanicus commander of the forces in Germania. A short time after, the legions rioted on the news that the succession befell on the unpopular Tiberius. Refusing to accept this, the rebel soldiers cried for Germanicus as emperor. But he chose to honor Augustus' choice and put an end to the mutiny, preferring to continue only as a general. Inthe next two years, he subdued the Germanic tribes east of the Rhine, and assured their defeat in the Battle of the Weser River in 16. Whilst on the Rhine frontier, Germanicus found the remains of thethree legions massacred in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in AD 9 (the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth legions), buried them with high honors and recovered the legion's eagles.

After the victories in Germania, Germanicus was sent to Asia, where in the year 18 he defeated the kingdoms of Cappadocia and Commagena, turning them into Roman provinces.

In the following year, Germanicus died in Alexandria, Egypt. His death was surrounded with speculations, and several sources refer to claims that he was poisoned by Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, governor ofSyria, under orders of the emperor Tiberius. This was never proven and Piso was afterwards executed for murder, but Suetonius suggests Tiberius' jealousy and fear of his adopted son's popularity andincreasing power as a motive.

Source: WikipediaGermanicus Caesar

Germanicus Caesar (15 BC-AD 19), Roman general, son of the general Nero Claudius Drusus, and nephew and adopted son of Emperor Tiberius. In AD 12 he was consul, and the following year Emperor Augustusappointed him to command the eight Roman legions on the Rhine River. In AD 14, on the death of Augustus, the legions mutinied, but Germanicus quelled the insurrection, after which he led the soldiersinto battle. Emperor Tiberius recalled Germanicus to Rome in AD 17. The young general was received with great enthusiasm and honored with a triumph, the traditional celebration for victorious generals. Tiberius then dispatched him to settle a dispute that had arisen in the eastern provinces of Armenia and Parthia. On this mission, Germanicus became fatally ill.

Encarta® 98 Desk Encyclopedia © & 1996-97 Microsoft Corporation.
All rights reserved.

Alexander Helios was born in 040 BCE. He died.

Alexander Helios (40 BC ? ? ) was the son of Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony), and the twin brother of Cleopatra Selene.

Although they were still children, for reasons of state he was married to Iotapa (b. 43 BC), daughter of the king of Media, in 33 B.C.. In the Autumn of 34 BC, at the "Donation of Alexandria", Alexander was crowned ruler of Armenia, Media and Parthia. Those titles were largely nominal, however, because all three thrones were already occupied by others: respectively, Artavasdes II of Armenia, Artavasdes I of Media and Phraates IV of Parthia. His parents probably intended that he should succeed to those thrones in due course.

After Caesar Augustus (Octavian) invaded Egypt and his parents committed suicide, his sister, Cleopatra Selene, and younger brother, Ptolemy Philadelphus, were taken to Rome and paraded through the streets in golden chains. The three siblings were raised by Octavia, a sister of Caesar Augustus to whom Marcus Antonius had been married. But after Cleopatra Selene married Juba II (approx. 26 BC), Alexander and his younger brother disappear. It is suspected that they were murdered, coincidentally at the same time as Herod the Great was visiting Rome; given Herod's hatred of the Ptolemaic Dynasty,strong suspicions exist that he may have convinced Augustus to get rid of the two boys.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Helios."

Cleopatra Selene was born in 040 BCE. She and Juba II of Numidia were married. She died in 006, at age ~46.

Cleopatra Selene (40 BC ? AD 6), sometimes referred to as Cleopatra VIII, was the daughter of Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Mark Antony and the twin sister of Alexander Helios.

Cleopatra SeleneIn about 26 BC she married Juba II of Numidia, and as a wedding present Augustus Caesar made Cleopatra Selene queen of Mauretania in her own right. The couple ruled as king and queen of Numidia until the political situation grew too uncomfortable for them, and then they moved to Mauretania.

They had at least two children: Ptolemy of Mauretania (1 BC ? 40 AD) and Drusilla of Mauretania (b. 5 AD); there may also have been a daughter named Cleopatra. Xenobia of Palmyra traced her descent from them.